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A Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Analyzer has been developed for a Life Sciences Risk Mitigation Flight Experiment to be conducted on Spacehab and the Russian space station, Mir. Initial launch is scheduled for December 1996 (flight STS-81). The analyzer will be tested on the Orbiter in the Spacehab module, including when the Orbiter is docked at the Mir space station. The analyzer is scheduled to be launched again in May 1997 (STS-84) when it will be transferred to Mir. During both flights the analyzer will measure the quality of recycled and ground-supplied potable water on the space station. Samples will be archived for later return to the ground, where they will be analyzed for comparison to in-flight results. Water test samples of known composition, brought up with the analyzer, also will be used to test its performance in microgravity. Ground-based analyses of duplicates of those test samples will be conducted concurrently with the in-flight analyses.

Over the last couple decades, there has been a growing interest in incorporating commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies and open standards in the design of human-rated spacecraft. This approach is intended to reduce development and upgrade costs, lower the need for new design work, eliminate reliance on individual suppliers, and minimize schedule risk. However, it has not traditionally been possible for COTS solutions to meet the high reliability and fault tolerance requirements of systems implementing critical spacecraft functions. Byzantine faults are considered particularly dangerous to such systems because of their ability to escape traditional means of fault containment and disrupt consensus between system components. In this paper, we discuss the design of a voting protocol using Time-Triggered Ethernet capable of achieving data integrity in the presence of a single Byzantine fault.

This paper deals with the Complex Simulation Model of Human Organism (HOCSM) intended for various problems' solutions of the Manned Space Objects Ecological and Technical System (ETS) development. Among the fundamental problems of the ETS development requiring the HOCSM adaptation are: (a) forming the mass and energetic loads of spacecraft crew for the simulation of the ETS functions; (b) the investigation of environment effects on a human organism and its responses; (c) the analysis of interactions between the crew and the individual life support system or its functional blocks; (d) the decisions of design problems for development of the anti exposure and space suits. The HOCSM, under consideration, is based on the general theory of functional systems and includes formalistic descriptions of following human organism functional systems: a cardiovascular systems, an external respiration system, a thermoregulation system and a water-salt balance system.